‘Bone Joint and Nerve Clinic’ was started in the year 2018 by one of the Best Orthopaedic Surgeons in Patna, Dr. Neeraj kumar.

To establish the centre of excellence in Orthopaedics Dr. Neeraj kumar focused on its specialities by providing a safe & secure environment and performed the duties with utmost competency through utilising effective and innovative clinical practices with profound academic research.

TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY

Aim of THR

  • Restore centre of rotation
  • Correct leg length
  • Correct offset
  • Proper component positioning

Indication

  • primary Osteoarthritis of hip
    • age related degenerative osteoarthritis
  • Secondary osteoarthritis
    • SPA ( Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis)
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Avascular necrosis of femoral head
    • prolonged high dose steroid intake
    • Caisons disease
    • post traumatic osteoarthritis of hip ( acetabular fracture, neck of femur fracture)

Implant selection

  • Biomechanics of THR implant relies on prosthesis design, bearing surface and type of fixation (cemented vs uncemented)
  • THR components include
    • femoral component
      • cemented
      • uncemented (press-fit) High cost, difficult to control version, calcar fracture,
        • Modular stem
        • taper stem
        • extensively porous coated stem
    • Acetabular component
      • cemented
      • uncemented (press-fit)
    • Bearing surface
      • polyethylene
      • metal
      • ceramic
  • Type of fixation
    • Cement(PMMA)
    • Biological fixation( uncemented) – young, older patient with good bone quality and in revision THR
      • bone ingrowth- bone grows into the porosity of implant
      • bone ongrowth- bone grows onto the divots in the implant
  • Depuy Charnley 10A
    • 22.2mm mono-block stainless steel head and stem
    • Matt-finish
    • stability depends on strong bonds between bone and implant
    • Stress shielding in proximal femur
    • Collared to prevent stress shielding
  • Exeter(Stryker)
    • Double taper stainless steel
    • Modular
    • Self locking sliding per or forced-closed design
    • Subsidence 1.5 mm in 12months
    • no neck collar
  • CPT stem (Zimmer)
    • Collarless, polished, Tapper stem
    • similar to Exeter
    • Made of cobalt chrome or stainless
  • C-Stem(Depuy)
    • Triple taper and thicker laterally.
    • Loads medial cement mantle
    • Produces proximal bone remodelling
  • Stanmore(Zimmer)
    • Similar design to charnley.
  • S-ROM stem(Depuy)
    • revision stem
    • distal fixing modular uncemented stem
  • Restoration Stem (Stryker)
    • modular revision stem

Imaging

  • X-RAY AP and frog leg lateral view of both hips done in 15 degree of internal rotation
  • CT scan as prep planning if there is protrusio acetabulum or bone loss
  • MRI in case of AVN of hip
  • Alignment view of both limbs
  • Xray ls spine to rule out referred pain from degenerative spine

Templating of femur and acetabulum

  • Horizontal line connecting two tear drops
  • Determine the centre of rotation
  • Appropriate size femoral stem to fill medullary canal

Approach

  • Minimally invasive THR
    • No added advantage over convention in RCT
    • B/L THR has increased infection rate and increased chances of bleeding

Head sizing

  • Skirted vs non skirted decreases the range of motion and head neck ratio so should be avoided
  • Small vs large head – 22.2mm vs 28mm vs 32mm, large head give more range of motion and decreases dislocation rate due to increased head and neck ratio.

Bearing surface

  • Metal on poly
    • metalic (cobalt chrome) femoral head on polyethylene acetabular liner
    • longest track record, low cost and most modular
    • High wear rate and osteolysis
    • revision rate 5% in male and 3% in female at 15 years in 75 years age group
  • Ceramic on ceramic
    • Best wear properties
    • Inert particle
    • expensive
    • Squeaking
    • low rate of revision 5.6% in male and 4.3% in female
  • Ceramic on poly
    • reduced fracture and squeaking risk
    • revision in male 2.3% and 2.9% in female at 15 year follow-up in 75 years age group.
  • Metal on metal
    • better wear properties than metal on poly
    • type 4 hypersensitivity
    • increased metal ions in urine and serum

Acetabular cup

  • Cemented cup
    • All poly
    • thicker poly can be used for reduce stress transmission on the cement mantle
    • commonly used cups are Exeter rimfit/contemporary, ZCA ally poly cemented cup Zimmer and marathon (depuy)
  • Uncemented cup
    • Trident stryker available in hemispherical shell with multilocking hole option and peripheral self locking option
    • Trilogy by Zimmer
    • Pinnacle(depuy)
      • most commonly used
    • Exceed(Biomet)

Complication

  • infection
  • periprosthetic fracture
  • Aseptic loosening
  • DislocationTrochanteric bursitis
  • iliopsoas tendinosis
  • Limb length discrerpancy
  • Impingement
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